I'm reading book "The C++ STL. A Tutorial and References" written by Nicolai M.Josuttis and in one of the chapters devoted to STL algorithms author states the following: If you call remove() for elements of a list, the algorithm doesn’t know that it is operating on a list and thus does what it does for any container: reorder the elements by changing their values. If, for example, the algorithm removes the first element, all the following elements are assigned to their previous elements. This behavior contradicts the main advantage of lists: the ability to insert, move, and remove elements by modifying the links instead of the values.To avoid bad performance, lists provide special member functions for all manipulating algorithms. You should always prefer them. Furthermore, these member functions really remove “removed” elements, as this example shows:
#include <list>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
list<int> coll;
// insert elements from 6 to 1 and 1 to 6
for (int i=1; i<=6; ++i) {
coll.push_front(i);
coll.push_back(i);
}
// remove all elements with value 3 (poor performance)
coll.erase (remove(coll.begin(),coll.end(),
3),
coll.end());
// remove all elements with value 4 (good performance)
coll.remove (4);
}
Of course this seems enough convincing for further considerations but anyway, I decided to see the result executing similar code in my PC, particularly in MSVC 2013 Environment. Here is my code improvised:
int main()
{
srand(time(nullptr));
list<int>my_list1;
list<int>my_list2;
int x = 2000 * 2000;
for (auto i = 0; i < x; ++i)
{
auto random = rand() % 10;
my_list1.push_back(random);
my_list1.push_front(random);
}
list<int>my_list2(my_list1);
auto started1 = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
my_list1.remove(5);
auto done1 = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
cout << "Execution time while using member function remove: " << chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(done1 - started1).count();
cout << endl << endl;
auto started2 = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
my_list2.erase(remove(my_list2.begin(), my_list2.end(),5), my_list2.end());
auto done2 = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
cout << "Execution time while using generic algorithm remove: " << chrono::duration_cast<chrono::milliseconds>(done2 - started2).count();
cout << endl << endl;
}
I was surprised when saw the following output:
Execution time while using member function remove: 10773
Execution time while using generic algorithm remove: 7459
Could you please explain what can be the reason of such contradicting behavior?
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