jeudi 11 mars 2021

Undefined reference to ros::init - SIMPLE CASE

This is my first question here! I'm facing with a problem that i cannot understand when trying to compile my ROS. I'm not an expert user in ROS (so far, I hope), I'm just starting to know the system. I've ROS Kinetic came on Ubuntu. I wrote the simplest ROS nodes in c++, just the init of the node including "ros/ros.h" as shown in the documentation here: http://wiki.ros.org/roscpp_tutorials/Tutorials/WritingPublisherSubscriber#CA-56e552a9f29027036adb74aeea6375a15de4f70e_2

Here is my code: just two files, mypub.cpp and mysub.cpp.

// src/mypub.cpp
#include "ros/ros.h"
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
    ros::init( argc, argv, "my_publisher" );
    ros::NodeHandle n;
    return 0;
}
// src/mysub.cpp
#include "ros/ros.h"
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
    ros::init( argc, argv, "my_subscriber" );
    ros::NodeHandle n;
    return 0;
}

And here is my CMakeList.txt:

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0.2)
project(pubsub)

## Compile as C++11, supported in ROS Kinetic and newer
# add_compile_options(-std=c++11)

## Find catkin macros and libraries
## if COMPONENTS list like find_package(catkin REQUIRED COMPONENTS xyz)
## is used, also find other catkin packages
find_package(catkin REQUIRED COMPONENTS
  roscpp
std_msgs
)

## System dependencies are found with CMake's conventions
# find_package(Boost REQUIRED COMPONENTS system)


## Uncomment this if the package has a setup.py. This macro ensures
## modules and global scripts declared therein get installed
## See http://ros.org/doc/api/catkin/html/user_guide/setup_dot_py.html
# catkin_python_setup()

################################################
## Declare ROS messages, services and actions ##
################################################

## To declare and build messages, services or actions from within this
## package, follow these steps:
## * Let MSG_DEP_SET be the set of packages whose message types you use in
##   your messages/services/actions (e.g. std_msgs, actionlib_msgs, ...).
## * In the file package.xml:
##   * add a build_depend tag for "message_generation"
##   * add a build_depend and a exec_depend tag for each package in MSG_DEP_SET
##   * If MSG_DEP_SET isn't empty the following dependency has been pulled in
##     but can be declared for certainty nonetheless:
##     * add a exec_depend tag for "message_runtime"
## * In this file (CMakeLists.txt):
##   * add "message_generation" and every package in MSG_DEP_SET to
##     find_package(catkin REQUIRED COMPONENTS ...)
##   * add "message_runtime" and every package in MSG_DEP_SET to
##     catkin_package(CATKIN_DEPENDS ...)
##   * uncomment the add_*_files sections below as needed
##     and list every .msg/.srv/.action file to be processed
##   * uncomment the generate_messages entry below
##   * add every package in MSG_DEP_SET to generate_messages(DEPENDENCIES ...)

## Generate messages in the 'msg' folder
# add_message_files(
#   FILES
#   Message1.msg
#   Message2.msg
# )

## Generate services in the 'srv' folder
# add_service_files(
#   FILES
#   Service1.srv
#   Service2.srv
# )

## Generate actions in the 'action' folder
# add_action_files(
#   FILES
#   Action1.action
#   Action2.action
# )

## Generate added messages and services with any dependencies listed here
# generate_messages(
#   DEPENDENCIES
#   std_msgs  # Or other packages containing msgs
# )

################################################
## Declare ROS dynamic reconfigure parameters ##
################################################

## To declare and build dynamic reconfigure parameters within this
## package, follow these steps:
## * In the file package.xml:
##   * add a build_depend and a exec_depend tag for "dynamic_reconfigure"
## * In this file (CMakeLists.txt):
##   * add "dynamic_reconfigure" to
##     find_package(catkin REQUIRED COMPONENTS ...)
##   * uncomment the "generate_dynamic_reconfigure_options" section below
##     and list every .cfg file to be processed

## Generate dynamic reconfigure parameters in the 'cfg' folder
# generate_dynamic_reconfigure_options(
#   cfg/DynReconf1.cfg
#   cfg/DynReconf2.cfg
# )

###################################
## catkin specific configuration ##
###################################
## The catkin_package macro generates cmake config files for your package
## Declare things to be passed to dependent projects
## INCLUDE_DIRS: uncomment this if your package contains header files
## LIBRARIES: libraries you create in this project that dependent projects also need
## CATKIN_DEPENDS: catkin_packages dependent projects also need
## DEPENDS: system dependencies of this project that dependent projects also need
catkin_package(
#  INCLUDE_DIRS include
#  LIBRARIES pubsub
#  CATKIN_DEPENDS roscpp std_msgs/String
#  DEPENDS system_lib
)

###########
## Build ##
###########

## Specify additional locations of header files
## Your package locations should be listed before other locations
include_directories(
# include
  ${catkin_INCLUDE_DIRS}
)

## Declare a C++ library
# add_library(${PROJECT_NAME}
#   src/${PROJECT_NAME}/pubsub.cpp
# )

## Add cmake target dependencies of the library
## as an example, code may need to be generated before libraries
## either from message generation or dynamic reconfigure
# add_dependencies(${PROJECT_NAME} ${${PROJECT_NAME}_EXPORTED_TARGETS} ${catkin_EXPORTED_TARGETS})

## Declare a C++ executable
## With catkin_make all packages are built within a single CMake context
## The recommended prefix ensures that target names across packages don't collide
# add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME}_node src/pubsub_node.cpp)
add_executable(my_publisher src/mypub.cpp)
add_executable(my_subscriber src/mysub.cpp)

## Rename C++ executable without prefix
## The above recommended prefix causes long target names, the following renames the
## target back to the shorter version for ease of user use
## e.g. "rosrun someones_pkg node" instead of "rosrun someones_pkg someones_pkg_node"
# set_target_properties(${PROJECT_NAME}_node PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME node PREFIX "")

## Add cmake target dependencies of the executable
## same as for the library above
# add_dependencies(${PROJECT_NAME}_node ${${PROJECT_NAME}_EXPORTED_TARGETS} ${catkin_EXPORTED_TARGETS})

## Specify libraries to link a library or executable target against
# target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME}_node
#   ${catkin_LIBRARIES}
# )
target_link_libraries( my_publisher ${CATKIN_LIBRARIES} )
target_link_libraries( my_subscriber ${CATKIN_LIBRARIES} )

#############
## Install ##
#############

# all install targets should use catkin DESTINATION variables
# See http://ros.org/doc/api/catkin/html/adv_user_guide/variables.html

## Mark executable scripts (Python etc.) for installation
## in contrast to setup.py, you can choose the destination
# catkin_install_python(PROGRAMS
#   scripts/my_python_script
#   DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_BIN_DESTINATION}
# )

## Mark executables for installation
## See http://docs.ros.org/melodic/api/catkin/html/howto/format1/building_executables.html
# install(TARGETS ${PROJECT_NAME}_node
#   RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_BIN_DESTINATION}
# )

## Mark libraries for installation
## See http://docs.ros.org/melodic/api/catkin/html/howto/format1/building_libraries.html
# install(TARGETS ${PROJECT_NAME}
#   ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_LIB_DESTINATION}
#   LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_LIB_DESTINATION}
#   RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CATKIN_GLOBAL_BIN_DESTINATION}
# )

## Mark cpp header files for installation
# install(DIRECTORY include/${PROJECT_NAME}/
#   DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_INCLUDE_DESTINATION}
#   FILES_MATCHING PATTERN "*.h"
#   PATTERN ".svn" EXCLUDE
# )

## Mark other files for installation (e.g. launch and bag files, etc.)
# install(FILES
#   # myfile1
#   # myfile2
#   DESTINATION ${CATKIN_PACKAGE_SHARE_DESTINATION}
# )

#############
## Testing ##
#############

## Add gtest based cpp test target and link libraries
# catkin_add_gtest(${PROJECT_NAME}-test test/test_pubsub.cpp)
# if(TARGET ${PROJECT_NAME}-test)
#   target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME}-test ${PROJECT_NAME})
# endif()

## Add folders to be run by python nosetests
# catkin_add_nosetests(test)

Everything seems correct ... but when i launch catkin_make, the compiler prints this:

Base path: /home/rr/ROSwork/ROStest
Source space: /home/rr/ROSwork/ROStest/src
Build space: /home/rr/ROSwork/ROStest/build
Devel space: /home/rr/ROSwork/ROStest/devel
Install space: /home/rr/ROSwork/ROStest/install
####
#### Running command: "make cmake_check_build_system" in "/home/rr/ROSwork/ROStest/build"
####
####
#### Running command: "make -j2 -l2" in "/home/rr/ROSwork/ROStest/build"
####
Scanning dependencies of target my_publisher
Scanning dependencies of target my_subscriber
[ 25%] Building CXX object pubsub/CMakeFiles/my_publisher.dir/src/mypub.cpp.o
[ 50%] Building CXX object pubsub/CMakeFiles/my_subscriber.dir/src/mysub.cpp.o
[ 75%] Linking CXX executable /home/rr/ROSwork/ROStest/devel/lib/pubsub/my_subscriber
[100%] Linking CXX executable /home/rr/ROSwork/ROStest/devel/lib/pubsub/my_publisher
CMakeFiles/my_subscriber.dir/src/mysub.cpp.o: In function `main':
mysub.cpp:(.text+0x70): undefined reference to `ros::init(int&, char**, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, unsigned int)'
mysub.cpp:(.text+0xcc): undefined reference to `ros::NodeHandle::NodeHandle(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::map<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::less<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::allocator<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > > const&)'
mysub.cpp:(.text+0xfe): undefined reference to `ros::NodeHandle::~NodeHandle()'
mysub.cpp:(.text+0x16f): undefined reference to `ros::NodeHandle::~NodeHandle()'
mysub.cpp:(.text+0x1a0): undefined reference to `ros::NodeHandle::~NodeHandle()'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
pubsub/CMakeFiles/my_subscriber.dir/build.make:94: recipe for target '/home/rr/ROSwork/ROStest/devel/lib/pubsub/my_subscriber' failed
make[2]: *** [/home/rr/ROSwork/ROStest/devel/lib/pubsub/my_subscriber] Error 1
CMakeFiles/Makefile2:946: recipe for target 'pubsub/CMakeFiles/my_subscriber.dir/all' failed
make[1]: *** [pubsub/CMakeFiles/my_subscriber.dir/all] Error 2
make[1]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
CMakeFiles/my_publisher.dir/src/mypub.cpp.o: In function `main':
mypub.cpp:(.text+0x70): undefined reference to `ros::init(int&, char**, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, unsigned int)'
mypub.cpp:(.text+0xcc): undefined reference to `ros::NodeHandle::NodeHandle(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::map<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::less<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::allocator<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > > const&)'
mypub.cpp:(.text+0xfe): undefined reference to `ros::NodeHandle::~NodeHandle()'
mypub.cpp:(.text+0x16f): undefined reference to `ros::NodeHandle::~NodeHandle()'
mypub.cpp:(.text+0x1a0): undefined reference to `ros::NodeHandle::~NodeHandle()'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
pubsub/CMakeFiles/my_publisher.dir/build.make:94: recipe for target '/home/rr/ROSwork/ROStest/devel/lib/pubsub/my_publisher' failed
make[2]: *** [/home/rr/ROSwork/ROStest/devel/lib/pubsub/my_publisher] Error 1
CMakeFiles/Makefile2:909: recipe for target 'pubsub/CMakeFiles/my_publisher.dir/all' failed
make[1]: *** [pubsub/CMakeFiles/my_publisher.dir/all] Error 2
Makefile:138: recipe for target 'all' failed
make: *** [all] Error 2
Invoking "make -j2 -l2" failed

I'm not able to understand the problem, It's frustrating because all seems correct to me. Maybe my ROS enviroment isn't set in the right way. I looked for solutions, but all the codes I saw talk about more complex situations. Please help me!

Thank you! :)

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