I've written the following code as an example of a correct implementation of a swap function in c++.
#include <iostream>
class Complex
{
int a;
int b;
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const Complex&);
friend void swap(Complex& rhs, Complex& lhs) noexcept;
public:
Complex(): a(0), b(0) {};
Complex(int a, int b): a(a), b(b) {};
};
void swap(Complex& rhs, Complex& lhs) noexcept
{
using std::swap;
swap(rhs.a, lhs.a);
swap(rhs.b, lhs.b);
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Complex& c)
{
os << c.a << c.b;
return os;
}
class Swapable
{
int a;
int b;
Complex complex;
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const Swapable&);
friend void swap(Swapable&, Swapable&) noexcept;
public:
Swapable(): a(0), b(0) {};
Swapable(int a, int b): a(a), b(b), complex(a+1, b+1) {};
};
void swap(Swapable& rhs, Swapable& lhs) noexcept
{
std::cout << "Swapping" << std::endl;
using std::swap;
swap(rhs.a, lhs.a);
swap(rhs.b, lhs.b);
swap(rhs.complex, lhs.complex);
}
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Swapable& s)
{
os << s.a << s.b << s.complex;
return os;
}
int main()
{
Swapable s_1(1,1);
Swapable s_2(2,2);
std::cout << "Before swap" << std::endl;
std::cout << s_1 << std::endl;
std::cout << s_2 << std::endl;
swap(s_1, s_2);
std::cout << "After swap" << std::endl;
std::cout << s_1 << std::endl;
std::cout << s_2 << std::endl;
std::swap(s_1, s_2); // It should fail. Shouldn't it?
std::cout << "Second swap" << std::endl;
std::cout << s_1 << std::endl;
std::cout << s_2 << std::endl;
}
The output is :
Before swap
1122
2233
Swapping
After swap
2233
1122
Second swap
1122
2233
Every thing works as expected when I call the unqualified swap. However, I was expecting a compile error when I call the std::swap with my custom object. Why is the std::swap function able to swap correctly my custom object?
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