Implicit conversion and operator overload

So, I wrote something like this

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void f(int32_t i)
{
    cout << "int32: " << i << endl;
}

void f(int16_t i)
{
    cout << "int16: " << i << endl;
}

void f(int8_t i)
{
    cout << "int8: " << i << endl;
}

void f(uint32_t i)
{
    cout << "uint32: " << i << endl;
}

void f(uint16_t i)
{
    cout << "uint16: " << i << endl;
}


int main() {
    uint8_t i = 0u;
    f(i);
    return 0;
}

And it printed

int32: 0

---

I'm a bit confused:

• Is this well-defined behaviour, or is it implementation specific?

• What are the rules that determine which overload is used here and to what type the variable is converted?