optional range check based on template parameter

Let's say i have a class that simply performs addition for any type T. I want to add an optional range check (based on a template parameter of type bool), that will check whether the result of the addition belongs in a given range, or else it will throw. One way of doing this, is wrapping all basics of the class in a base class and then specialize on the boolean template parameter. Something like:

// The base class; holds a starting value to add to and a maximum value
template<typename T>
class DummyImpl
{
private:
  T mval, mmax;

public:
  constexpr explicit DummyImpl(T x, T max_x) noexcept
 : mval{x}, mmax{max_x}
  {};

  // base class; use a virtual destructor
  virtual ~DummyImpl() {};

  T max() const noexcept {return mmax;}
  T val() const noexcept {return mval;}
};

// The "real" class; parameter B denotes if we want (or not)
// a range check
template<typename T, bool B>
class Dummy : DummyImpl<T> {};

// Specialize: we do want range check; if sum not in range
// throw.
template<typename T>
class Dummy<T, true> : DummyImpl<T>
{
public:
  explicit Dummy(T x, T max_x) noexcept : DummyImpl<T>(x, max_x) {};

  T add(T x) const noexcept( !true )
  {
    T ret_val = x + DummyImpl<T>::val();
    if (ret_val < 0 || ret_val > DummyImpl<T>::max()) {
      throw 1;
    }
    return ret_val;
  }
};

// Specialize for no range check.
template<typename T>
class Dummy<T, false> : DummyImpl<T>
{
public:
  explicit Dummy(T x, T max_x) noexcept : DummyImpl<T>(x, max_x) {};

  T add(T x) const noexcept( !false )
  {
    return x + DummyImpl<T>::val();
  }
};

Now the user can write code like:

int main()
{
  Dummy<float,false> d(0, 1000); //no range check; never throw

  std::cout <<"\nAdding  156.7 gives " << d.add(156.7);
  std::cout <<"\nAdding 3156.7 gives " << d.add(3156.7);

  std::cout <<"\n";
  return 0;
}

Is there a way of doing this without using inheritance? I would suppose that using a nested class would be more efficient, but the following code does not compile.

template<typename T,  bool RC>
class Dummy
{
private:
  T mval, mmax;

  // parameter S is only used to enable partial specialization on
  // parameter I
  template<bool I, typename S> struct add_impl {};

  template<typename S> struct add_impl<true, S>
  {
    T operator()(T x) const noexcept( !true )
    {
      T ret_val = x + mval;
      if (ret_val < 0 || ret_val > mmax) {throw 1;}
      return ret_val;
    }
  };

  template<typename S> struct add_impl<false,  S>
  {
    T operator()(T x) const noexcept( !false )
    {
      return x + mval_ref;
    }
  };

public:
  constexpr explicit Dummy(T x, T max_x) noexcept
 : mval{x}, mmax{max_x}
  {};

  void bar() const { std::cout << "\nin Base."; }
  T max() const noexcept {return mmax;}
  T val() const noexcept {return mval;}
  T add(T x) const noexcept( !RC )
  {
    return add_impl<RC, T>()(x);
  }
};


int main()
{
  Dummy<float,false> d(0, 1000);

  std::cout <<"\nAdding  156.7 gives " << d.add(156.7);
  std::cout <<"\nAdding 3156.7 gives " << d.add(3156.7);

  std::cout <<"\n";
  return 0;
}

It fails with an error message (in g++):

error: invalid use of non-static data member ‘Dummy<float, false>::mval’

Is there a way around this? If so, is it more efficient than the first solution? Will the nested class add size to any instance of Dummy? Is there a more elegant design/implementation?