I'm curious about the performance of concatenation of many strings. After reading Efficient string concatenation in C++, I made some test. But the result is different with different compilers.
Here is my code. (The timer in the code is from here.)
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <chrono>
template<typename TimeT = std::chrono::milliseconds>
struct measure {
template<typename F, typename ...Args>
static typename TimeT::rep execution(F&& func, Args&&... args) {
auto start = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
std::forward<decltype(func)>(func)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
auto duration = std::chrono::duration_cast< TimeT>
(std::chrono::system_clock::now() - start);
return duration.count();
}
};
std::string strAppend(const std::string &s, int cnt) {
std::string str;
for (int i = 0; i < cnt; ++i)
str.append(s);
return str;
}
std::string strOp(const std::string &s, int cnt) {
std::string str;
for (int i = 0; i < cnt; ++i)
str += s;
return str;
}
std::string strStream(const std::string &s, int cnt) {
std::ostringstream oss;
for (int i = 0; i < cnt; ++i)
oss << s;
return oss.str();
}
std::string strReserveAndOp(const std::string &s, int cnt) {
std::string str;
str.reserve(s.size() * cnt);
for (int i = 0; i < cnt; ++i)
str += s;
return str;
}
std::string strReserveAndAppend(const std::string &s, int cnt) {
std::string str;
str.reserve(s.size() * cnt);
for (int i = 0; i < cnt; ++i)
str.append(s);
return str;
}
int main() {
const std::string s("Hello world!");
const int cnt = 1000000 * 5;
std::cout << "ostringstream: " << measure<>::execution(strStream, s, cnt) << "ms" << std::endl;
std::cout << "+= operator: " << measure<>::execution(strOp, s, cnt) << "ms" << std::endl;
std::cout << "s.Append(): " << measure<>::execution(strAppend, s, cnt) << "ms" << std::endl;
std::cout << "s.Reserve() & +=: " << measure<>::execution(strReserveAndOp, s, cnt) << "ms" << std::endl;
std::cout << "s.Reserve() & s.Append(): " << measure<>::execution(strReserveAndAppend, s, cnt) << "ms" << std::endl;
}
Tested on Ideone with GCC 5.1 gives the result:
ostringstream: 602ms
+= operator: 345ms
s.Append(): 336ms
s.Reserve() & +=: 224ms
s.Reserve() & s.Append(): 225ms
In which the ostringstream
is the slowest and the reserve()
speed up a little bit.
However when running the same code on Visual Studio 2015 community, the result is as follows:
ostringstream: 4413ms
+= operator: 9319ms
s.Append(): 8937ms
s.Reserve() & +=: 8966ms
s.Reserve() & s.Append(): 8815ms
Just pay attention to the relative speed, the ostringstream
becomes the fastest and the reserve()
seems not speed up.
So why is that happened? Compiler optimization or something else?
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