samedi 26 mars 2016

C++ template function not being resolved

I have been banging my head against this for a couple of days, looking it up and also looking for similar code in open source projects: can't really find what I'm doing incorrectly.

Essentially, given the code below (distilled to its essence):

template <typename T>
class Node {
    T value_;
public:
    Node(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
    T const value() const { return value_; }

    friend
    std::ostream& operator <<(std::ostream& out, const Node<T>& node);

    Node<T> operator +(const Node<T>& other) {
        return Node(value() + other.value());
    }
};


template <typename T>
std::ostream& operator <<(std::ostream& out, const Node<T>& node) {
    return out << node.value();
}

when used in code such as this:

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

    Node<string> node("node X");
    cout << node << endl;

    Node<int> three(3);
    cout << three << endl;

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

I get the following linker error:

Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "operator<<(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, Node<std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > > const&)", referenced from:
      _main in StlPractice.cpp.o
  "operator<<(std::__1::basic_ostream<char, std::__1::char_traits<char> >&, Node<int> const&)", referenced from:
      _main in StlPractice.cpp.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

As far as I can tell, the above is all legal C++11 code; the template is well-defined, and yet, it seems to somehow escape the ability of the linker to find it.

This is built using cmake on OS X:

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.3)
project(simple_template)

set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11")

set(SOURCE_FILES src/StlPractice.cpp)

add_executable(StlPractice ${SOURCE_FILES})

What gives?

Thanks in advance!

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