"forwarding references" is in quotes because const-qualified forwarding references aren't actually forwarding references, but I wanted to make it clear that I am specifically referring to function templates.
Take the following test functions (code is duplicated to avoid :
#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>
#include <typeinfo>
using namespace std;
template <typename T, typename U> void print_types() {
cout << (is_const_v<remove_reference_t<T>> ? "const " : "")
<< typeid(T).name()
<< (is_rvalue_reference_v<T> ? " &&"
: is_lvalue_reference_v<T> ? " &"
: "")
<< ", " << (is_const_v<remove_reference_t<U>> ? "const " : "")
<< typeid(U).name()
<< (is_rvalue_reference_v<U> ? " &&"
: is_lvalue_reference_v<U> ? " &"
: "")
<< endl;
}
template <typename T> void print_rvalue_reference(T &&t) {
print_types<T, decltype(t)>();
}
template <typename T> void print_const_rvalue_reference(const T &&t) {
print_types<T, decltype(t)>();
}
int main() {
int i = 1;
const int j = 1;
print_rvalue_reference(1); // int, int &&
print_rvalue_reference(i); // int &, int &
print_rvalue_reference(j); // const int &, const int &
print_const_rvalue_reference(1); // int, const int &&
print_const_rvalue_reference(i); // error
print_const_rvalue_reference(j); // error
}
First, I wanted to note that print_rvalue_reference(j) only works because print_rvalue_reference never uses t in a non-const context. If this were not the case, the template instantiation would fail.
I am confused why the last two calls in main cause errors during compilation. Reference collapsing allows using T = int &; const T && to become int & and using T = const int &; const T && to become const int &, which means print_const_rvalue_reference<int &>(i) and print_const_rvalue_reference<const int &>(j) are valid.
Why does print_const_rvalue_reference(j) deduce T to be int instead of const int & when print_rvalue_reference(j) does deduce T to be const int &? Are (true) forwarding references special-cased to yield int & instead of int as part of its deduction guide?
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